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Changes in plant metabolism due to phytoremediation of pharmaceuticals
Polívková, Linda ; Bělonožníková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Chmelík, Josef (referee)
As a result of human activity, the rate and amount at which various pollutants enter the environment are increasing. Among them, pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, whose fate in nature has not yet been fully understood, have a key role to play. Phytoremediation, as an alternative method to the traditionally established methods of remediation of pollutant- contaminated wastewater and soils, has an increasing potential to become an important and ecologically friendly tool for environmental restoration and conservation. In this bachelor thesis, the effect of the pharmaceuticals buspirone, dextromethorphan, ibuprofen, the combination of dextromethorphan and ibuprofen, paroxetine and sulpiride on the antioxidant system of maize (Zea mays L., DKC 3969) cultivated in vitro in hydroponics under sterile conditions was investigated. The activity and isoenzyme composition of peroxidases, which are among the key components of the antioxidant system, were determined in maize plants. The amount of total soluble proteins in plants was reduced in most cases due to the influence of the aforementioned pharmaceuticals. In contrast, the specific activity of total peroxidases, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase was increased in most cases, most notably by buspirone, sulpiride and the combination of...
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Antioxidant system of tomato plants exposed to triazole fungicides
Žufić, Antoniana ; Hýsková, Veronika (advisor) ; Jaklová Dytrtová, Jana (referee)
Fungal pathogens cause severe crop losses worldwide. Recently, however, chemical fungicides have become dangerous environmental contaminants affecting non-target organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of triazole fungicides in the form of penconazole (P), tebuconazole (T) or their combination (PT) on tomato plants Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Cherrola. No significant change in the activity of a key enzyme of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, ascorbate peroxidase and activity of cytosolic peroxides, was detected in leaves, roots or fruits at the intervals studied, i.e. after two and five weekly treatments of P, T or PT, either as a foliar or a soil application. While slightly increased guaiacol peroxidase activity was found in roots due to T spraying and PT combination, the activity of this enzyme was reduced in leaves similar to catalase. The greatest changes in leaf antioxidant capacity correlated with increased phenolic and flavonoid content were observed after five treatments of penconazole (P) as a soil application both P alone and in combination as PT. The studied triazoles significantly affected the abundance of isoforms of superoxide dismutase and partially total peroxides in leaves, roots and fruits and of acorbate peroxidase in leaves. The highest content of HSP70 was found in...
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Does ligninolytic enzyme activity depend on phenolics content during the litter decomposition?
APPLOVÁ, Markéta
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of phenolics content and inoculation with soil extract on microbial respiration, on the phenoloxidase (PhOx), peroxidase (PerOx) and newly Mn-peroxidase (MnP) activity in two dominating litter samples (Calamagrostis villosa and Picea abies) differing in phenolics content from Plešné and Čertovo lake watersheds. At PhOx and PerOx activity, the dependence on incubation temperature with L-DOPA was estimated. PhOx and MnP activities significantly increased with higher content of hardly decomposable phenolics, but decreased with water extractable phenolics content. Inoculation with soil extract had no influence on microbial respiration, enzyme activity, nor on decomposition of phenolics. Microbial respiration was significantly higher at 10°C, but average enzyme activity was comparable at 0 and 10°C. PhOx activities had temperature optimum higher than 22°C, while PerOx activities had temperature optimum at 0 - 15°C.
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Acitivity of phenoloxidases and peroxidases in the litter of spruce forest in Plešné and Čertovo lake watersheds
APPLOVÁ, Markéta
The aim of the study was to determine the activity of phenoloxidases and peroxidases in three dominating litter samples (Vaccinium myrtillus, Calamagrostis villosa and Picea abies) from Plešné and Čertovo lake watersheds. High activity of lignin-degrading enzymes was detected in litter incubated at 0°C. Activity of enzymes was in general higher at 10°C but the difference was not significant compared to 0°C. In Plešné Lake watershed high amount of phenolic compounds negatively influenced the activity of enzymes compared to Čertovo Lake watershed, where the effect of phenolic compounds was opposite. The highest activities of the enzymes were found in the Calamagrostis villosa litter from Plešné Lake watershed and in the litter of spruce needles from Čertovo lake watershed.
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